April 8, 2025
“Risk of infection due to airborne virus in classroom environments lacking mechanical ventilation” published in PLoS One

During the pandemic, Fab Spagnolo and Queens College undergraduates, Alexandra Goldblatt, Michael Loccisano and Mazharul Mahe, took advantage of the empty classrooms to test how viruses disperse in unventilated spaces. Skeptical of the CDC’s recommendations to maintain 6’ separation indoors, the team used a nebulizer to simulate the exhalation of a marked surrogate virus in classrooms. We find that virus-laden aerosols were dispersed throughout the entire classroom within minutes and that the time of exposure did not change transmission rate. We further find that relative humidity, but not temperature nor a UV-based disinfection device, significantly lowered transmission rates. Our data suggest that, even without mechanical ventilation, relative humidity remains an inexpensive and highly effective mitigation strategy while UV air treatment may not.